01 - Preheat oven to 400°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, whole wheat flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt until well blended.
03 - Add cold, cubed butter to the flour mixture. Using a pastry cutter or your fingertips, work the butter into the dry ingredients until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs with pea-sized butter pieces remaining.
04 - Stir in raisins or currants and caraway seeds if using until evenly distributed throughout the mixture.
05 - In a separate bowl, whisk together buttermilk and egg until fully incorporated.
06 - Pour the wet mixture into the dry ingredients. Stir gently with a wooden spoon or spatula just until the dough comes together. Do not overmix as this will result in tough scones.
07 - Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface. Gently pat into a 1-inch thick circle. Cut into 8 equal wedges or use a round cutter for traditional shapes.
08 - Transfer scones to the prepared baking sheet, leaving space between each. Brush tops with buttermilk and sprinkle with coarse sugar if desired.
09 - Bake for 16 to 18 minutes until golden brown on top and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
10 - Let scones cool slightly on the baking sheet, then transfer to a wire rack. Serve warm or at room temperature with salted butter and jam.