01 - Rinse basmati rice under cold water until water runs clear. Soak for 20 minutes, then drain thoroughly.
02 - Bring 3 cups water and 1 teaspoon salt to a boil in a saucepan. Add rice and simmer uncovered until 70% cooked, about 7-8 minutes. Drain and set aside.
03 - Place eggs in a pot of cold water. Bring to a boil, then simmer for 8 minutes for medium-hard yolks. Cool under running water, peel, and set aside.
04 - Heat oil or ghee in a large heavy-bottomed pan over medium heat. Add cumin seeds, cardamom pods, cloves, cinnamon stick, and bay leaf. Sauté for 1 minute until fragrant.
05 - Add sliced onions to the spiced oil. Cook until golden brown, stirring occasionally, about 8-10 minutes.
06 - Stir in ginger, garlic, and green chilies. Sauté for 2 minutes until fragrant and raw aroma dissipates.
07 - Add chopped tomatoes, turmeric, coriander, garam masala, chili powder, and salt. Cook until tomatoes are completely soft and oil begins to separate, about 5-7 minutes.
08 - Lower heat and stir in yogurt. Cook for 2 minutes, stirring continuously to prevent curdling.
09 - Spread partially cooked rice evenly over the tomato-ginger masala. Gently mix just once or twice to create a marbled effect without fully combining.
10 - Nestle peeled eggs into the rice. Cover pan tightly with a lid and cook on very low heat for 15 minutes using the dum method to allow flavors to meld.
11 - Remove from heat and let stand covered for 5 minutes. Fluff gently with a fork. Garnish with chopped cilantro, mint, fried onions, and lemon wedges before serving.